Palestinian Militants Prepare for Street-to-Street Fighting as Israeli Forces Advance

**Hamas** is a Sunni Islamist Palestinian nationalist organization that functions both as a political party and a militant group, primarily operating in the Gaza Strip, which it has governed since 2007. Founded in 1987 by Ahmed Yassin amid the First Intifada, Hamas emerged from the Muslim Brotherhood and initially had covert Israeli support as a counterweight to the secular Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)[3][1]. It combines political governance with an armed wing, the al-Qassam Brigades, committed to armed resistance against Israel, which it refuses to recognize as a legitimate state[1][3]. Hamas’s political rise culminated in a 2006 electoral victory in the Palestinian Legislative Council, campaigning on anti-corruption and resistance platforms. After violently seizing Gaza from the rival Fatah faction in 2007, Hamas has maintained de facto control there despite international isolation and blockades imposed by Israel and Egypt[3]. Its governance has been marked by repeated conflicts with Israel, including major wars in 2008–09, 2012, 2014, 2021, and the ongoing intense conflict triggered by Hamas’s surprise October 2023 attack killing nearly 1,200 Israelis and taking hostages[1][2][3]. Hamas benefits from regional support, especially from Iran, which supplies funding and weapons, as well as financial and political backing from Turkey and Qatar. These alliances form part of a broader "axis of resistance" against Israel, which includes groups like Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad[2]. Hamas also operates fundraising networks globally, sometimes using charities as fronts to support its military activities[4]. The group is designated a terrorist organization by many countries, including the United States, which has increased military aid to Israel following recent escalations[2][6]. Despite modifying its 1988 charter in 2017 to soften some language, Hamas continues to reject Israel’s legitimacy and pursues all forms of resistance[1]. Its enduring political

## Overview The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the world’s oldest and largest national broadcaster, serving as a cornerstone of public service media in the United Kingdom and beyond[1][2]. Headquartered in London, the BBC operates under a royal charter and is primarily funded by a television licence fee paid by UK households, ensuring its editorial independence from both government and commercial interests[1][2]. This model allows the BBC to fulfill its mission to “inform, educate, and entertain” with impartiality at its core[3]. ## History and Evolution The BBC was founded on October 18, 1922, as the British Broadcasting Company Ltd., evolving into a public corporation under royal charter on January 1, 1927[1][2]. Its first Director-General, John Reith, established principles of independence and public service that continue to guide the organization. The BBC launched its television service in 1936, pioneering broadcasting technology, and expanded globally with the BBC World Service in 1932, now broadcasting in 28 languages[1][2]. ## Key Achievements The BBC has been a trailblazer in broadcasting, introducing innovations such as regular television broadcasts, color TV, and digital platforms like BBC iPlayer[1][2]. It has earned a reputation for high-quality journalism, producing globally recognized programs in news, drama, and documentary. The BBC’s international arm, BBC Studios, commercializes content worldwide, while the BBC World Service remains a vital source of news in regions with limited press freedom[1]. The corporation has received numerous accolades, including the Queen’s Award for Enterprise for its international business achievements[1]. ## Current Status and Digital Transformation With over 21,000 employees, the BBC remains a dominant force in media, generating £5.4 billion in annual income, mostly from licence fees[2]. It operates multiple TV channels, radio stations, and a robust online presence, including BBC News Online and BBC.com[1

The **United Nations (UN)** is a global intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 with the primary mission of maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, and fostering sustainable development. The UN was established in the aftermath of World War II, succeeding the League of Nations, with the aim of preventing future wars and promoting global cooperation. ### History and Structure The UN is headquartered in New York City, with additional offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague. It comprises six principal organs: the **General Assembly**, **Security Council**, **Economic and Social Council**, **International Court of Justice**, **Secretariat**, and **Trusteeship Council**. The organization includes 193 member states and two observer states, making it the most representative global body. ### Key Functions and Achievements - **Peacekeeping and Security**: The UN plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security through peacekeeping missions and conflict resolution efforts. - **Human Rights and Development**: It promotes human rights, supports refugees, and works towards sustainable development through specialized agencies like **UNICEF** and **WHO**. - **Economic and Social Development**: The UN has been instrumental in economic and social development, particularly during the decolonization era. It has also been recognized for its leadership in peace and human development, with several agencies awarded the **Nobel Peace Prize**. ### Current Status and Challenges Despite its achievements, the UN faces ongoing challenges, including debates over its effectiveness, financial contributions, and perceived biases. Recent global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the complexities and criticisms surrounding the UN's role. ### Notable Aspects - **Global Influence**: The UN serves as a platform for dialogue among nations, addressing global challenges and promoting international cooperation. - **Specialized Agencies**: It has 15 specialized agencies that perform diverse functions, from facilitating international travel to addressing pandemics. - **International Law**: The UN plays a significant role in